UGC NET Management January 2026 Question PaperPaper 1 & Paper 2 with Answer Key

50 questions with the answer key and explanations.

1. Question 1

   How many students have got more than or equal to 70% marks in at least 4 subjects?

   Student	English (M.M=150)	Economics (M.M=130)	Sociology (M.M=120)	Philosophy (M.M=100)	Psychology (M.M=60)	IT (M.M=40)
   A	80	50	80	60	70	80
   B	90	80	70	40	80	70
   C	80	60	70	70	80	70
   D	70	65	80	80	60	60
   E	70	65	80	75	50	80
   F	60	75	60	80	40	60
   G	60	35	50	70	70	70

   1. A3
   2. B6
   3. C4
   4. D5

   Answer: (D) 5

   Explanation

   Students A, B, C, D and E each have at least four subject percentages at or above 70, while F and G do not. Therefore the count is 5. Option D states "5", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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2. Question 2

   Find the aggregate marks obtained by the students C and F respectively.

   Student	English (M.M=150)	Economics (M.M=130)	Sociology (M.M=120)	Philosophy (M.M=100)	Psychology (M.M=60)	IT (M.M=40)
   A	80	50	80	60	70	80
   B	90	80	70	40	80	70
   C	80	60	70	70	80	70
   D	70	65	80	80	60	60
   E	70	65	80	75	50	80
   F	60	75	60	80	40	60
   G	60	35	50	70	70	70

   1. A390, 428
   2. B449, 390
   3. C428, 387.5
   4. D420, 385

   Answer: (C) 428, 387.5

   Explanation

   Convert each percentage into marks using the maximum marks for that subject. Student C totals 428 marks and student F totals 387.5 marks.

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3. Question 3

   Find the overall percentage in the subjects of English, Philosophy and IT respectively.

   Student	English (M.M=150)	Economics (M.M=130)	Sociology (M.M=120)	Philosophy (M.M=100)	Psychology (M.M=60)	IT (M.M=40)
   A	80	50	80	60	70	80
   B	90	80	70	40	80	70
   C	80	60	70	70	80	70
   D	70	65	80	80	60	60
   E	70	65	80	75	50	80
   F	60	75	60	80	40	60
   G	60	35	50	70	70	70

   1. A71.5, 66.5 and 69.5
   2. B70.2, 66.2 and 68.2
   3. C72.2, 65.5 and 70
   4. D72.85, 67.85 and 70

   Answer: (D) 72.85, 67.85 and 70

   Explanation

   Averaging the seven students gives English 72.85%, Philosophy 67.85%, and IT 70%. These match the fourth option. Option D states "72.85, 67.85 and 70", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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4. Question 4

   Find the average marks in Sociology and IT respectively obtained by all the students (A to G).

   Student	English (M.M=150)	Economics (M.M=130)	Sociology (M.M=120)	Philosophy (M.M=100)	Psychology (M.M=60)	IT (M.M=40)
   A	80	50	80	60	70	80
   B	90	80	70	40	80	70
   C	80	60	70	70	80	70
   D	70	65	80	80	60	60
   E	70	65	80	75	50	80
   F	60	75	60	80	40	60
   G	60	35	50	70	70	70

   1. A84, 28
   2. B82, 30
   3. C80, 28
   4. D83, 30

   Answer: (A) 84, 28

   Explanation

   The Sociology percentages sum to 490, so the average marks are 490% of 120 divided by 7, which is 84. The IT percentages also sum to 490, so the average is 490% of 40 divided by 7, which is 28. Option A states "84, 28", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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5. Question 5

   Find the overall percentage of A and G.

   Student	English (M.M=150)	Economics (M.M=130)	Sociology (M.M=120)	Philosophy (M.M=100)	Psychology (M.M=60)	IT (M.M=40)
   A	80	50	80	60	70	80
   B	90	80	70	40	80	70
   C	80	60	70	70	80	70
   D	70	65	80	80	60	60
   E	70	65	80	75	50	80
   F	60	75	60	80	40	60
   G	60	35	50	70	70	70

   1. A65.5 and 58.5
   2. B69.16 and 55.91
   3. C68.5 and 54.5
   4. D69.76 and 55.79

   Answer: (B) 69.16 and 55.91

   Explanation

   Total possible marks are 600. Student A scores 415 marks, which is 69.16%, and student G scores 335.5 marks, which is 55.91%. Option B states "69.16 and 55.91", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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6. Question 6

   Arrange the following in chronological order as per year of their enactment.
   A. Working Journalists (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act
   B. First Press Regulation Act
   C. Contempt of Courts Act
   D. The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act

   1. AA, B, C, D
   2. BB, A, C, D
   3. CD, C, B, A
   4. DA, C, D, B

   Answer: (B) B, A, C, D

   Explanation

   The First Press Regulation Act came earliest, followed by the Working Journalists wage legislation, then the Contempt of Courts Act, and finally the Indecent Representation of Women Act.

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7. Question 7

   Match List-I with List-II.

   List-I (Digital Initiative)	List-II (Description)
   A. SAKSHAT	I. Single point of access to all Government services
   B. IRINS	II. Reduce dependency on proprietary software in Educational Institutions
   C. UMANG	III. A One Stop Education Portal
   D. FOSSEE	IV. Web-based Research Information Management

   1. AA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
   2. BA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
   3. CA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
   4. DA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

   Answer: (A) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

   Explanation

   SAKSHAT is a one-stop education portal, IRINS is a research information management system, UMANG gives single-window access to government services, and FOSSEE reduces dependency on proprietary software.

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8. Question 8

   Which of the following characteristics of Mass Communication are true?
   A. It needs a mass medium
   B. It is impersonal communication
   C. It has gatekeepers
   D. The feedback is ultrafast
   E. It is very cheap/no cost involved

   1. AA, D and E only
   2. BD and E only
   3. CA, B and C only
   4. DC, D and E only

   Answer: (C) A, B and C only

   Explanation

   Mass communication uses mass media, addresses large impersonal audiences, and involves gatekeeping. Feedback is usually delayed and it is not necessarily cost-free.

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9. Question 9

   Match List-I with List-II.

   List-I (Purpose)	List-II (Act)
   A. To form firm beliefs in students	I. Instruction
   B. To shape their behavior and conduct	II. Indoctrination
   C. To improve learning skills	III. Training
   D. To command with knowledge	IV. Conditioning

   1. AA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
   2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
   3. CA-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
   4. DA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

   Answer: (B) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

   Explanation

   Instruction is associated with commanding or directing through knowledge, indoctrination forms firm beliefs, training improves skills, and conditioning shapes behaviour.

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10. Question 10

    As a Junior Research Fellow (JRF), you plagiarized someone's work and you are caught. What is the likely consequence?
    A. You will be rewarded for that over time.
    B. The research article is retracted with public documentation explaining the reason.
    C. The institute funding your research takes disciplinary action.
    D. Your academic standing and reputation come into question.

    1. AC and D only
    2. BB and D only
    3. CB, C and D only
    4. DA, B and C only

    Answer: (C) B, C and D only

    Explanation

    Plagiarism can lead to retraction, disciplinary consequences, and reputational harm. It would not be rewarded, so A is excluded. Option C states "B, C and D only", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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11. Question 11

    Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?
    A. No cars are non-vehicles
    B. Some cars are vehicles
    C. All vehicles are cars
    D. All cars are vehicles

    1. AB and C only
    2. BB and D only
    3. CA and D only
    4. DA, C and D only

    Answer: (C) A and D only

    Explanation

    The statement “No cars are non-vehicles” means every car is a vehicle, which is logically equivalent to “All cars are vehicles.” Option C states "A and D only", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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12. Question 12

    Four different populations consist of numbers as given below. Compute the variance of each population and arrange them in descending order.
    A. 6, 15, 27, 33, 99
    B. 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
    C. 10, 16, 10, 16, 10, 10, 16, 16
    D. 16, 15, 10, 15

    1. AD, B, B, A, C
    2. BA, C, D, B
    3. CB, D, C, A
    4. DC, A, B, D

    Answer: (B) A, C, D, B

    Explanation

    Population A has the largest spread because of 99, C has a moderate two-value spread, D has a smaller spread, and B has the least relative spread. Thus the descending order is A, C, D, B.

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13. Question 13

    Match List-I with List-II.

    List-I (Communication Elements)	List-II (Explanation)
    A. Who	I. The Message
    B. Says what	II. The Communicator
    C. In which channel	III. The Audience
    D. To whom	IV. The Media

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    3. CA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
    4. DA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

    Answer: (C) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

    Explanation

    In Lasswell's communication model, “Who” is the communicator, “says what” is the message, “in which channel” is the media, and “to whom” is the audience.

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14. Question 14

    Arrange the following in the increasing order of their percentage.
    A. 425 out of 500
    B. 384 out of 540
    C. 570 out of 700
    D. 480 out of 660

    1. AB, D, C, A
    2. BA, B, C, D
    3. CD, C, B, A
    4. DB, D, A, C

    Answer: (A) B, D, C, A

    Explanation

    The percentages are A = 85%, B = about 71.11%, C = about 81.43%, and D = about 72.73%. Increasing order is B, D, C, A. Option A states "B, D, C, A", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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15. Question 15

    Assertion (A): As per classical Indian school of logic the argument “the sky-lotus is fragrant, because it is a lotus, like the lotus of a lake” is fallacious.
    Reason (R): In the above argument the middle term is non-exclusive.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    The example is treated as a fallacious inference in Indian logic because the middle term fails to establish an exclusive, valid connection with the probandum.

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16. Question 16

    If in a certain code language “Very bright boys” is coded as 654, “Most boys are allrounder” is coded as 1432, and “Bright boys are smart” is coded as 5437, then how “smart” and “bright” shall be coded in that language, respectively?

    1. A6, 7
    2. B7, 5
    3. C7, 4
    4. D5, 4

    Answer: (B) 7, 5

    Explanation

    The common word “boys” appears in all relevant statements and maps to 4. “Bright” appears in the first and third statements and maps to 5, leaving “smart” as 7.

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17. Question 17

    The average age of a class of 34 students and a teacher reduces by 0.5 years if the teacher is excluded. The initial average of the class including teacher is 16 years. Find the age of the teacher.

    1. A30 years
    2. B33 years
    3. C35 years
    4. D37 years

    Answer: (B) 33 years

    Explanation

    The total age of 35 people is 35 x 16 = 560. Without the teacher, 34 students average 15.5, giving 527. The teacher's age is 560 - 527 = 33 years. Option B states "33 years", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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18. Question 18

    Arrange the following terms in order of increasing extension.
    A. Lotus
    B. Plant
    C. Organism
    D. Flower

    1. AC, B, A, D
    2. BC, B, D, A
    3. CA, D, B, C
    4. DD, A, B, C

    Answer: (C) A, D, B, C

    Explanation

    Extension increases from the narrower class to the broader class: lotus, flower, plant, organism. Option C states "A, D, B, C", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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19. Question 19

    Which of the following propositions are so related that they cannot both be true although they may both be false?
    A. All cars are vehicles.
    B. Some cars are vehicles.
    C. No cars are vehicles.
    D. Some cars are not vehicles.

    1. AA and D only
    2. BA and C only
    3. CC and D only
    4. DB and C only

    Answer: (B) A and C only

    Explanation

    A universal affirmative and its contrary universal negative cannot both be true, but both may be false if some cars are vehicles and some are not.

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20. Question 20

    Assertion (A): Mass communication is the process of delivering information, ideas and attitudes to a sizable and diversified audience.
    Reason (R): It uses media developed for that purpose.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Mass communication addresses a large heterogeneous audience, and this is made possible through appropriate mass media channels.

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21. Question 21

    Assertion (A): The UGC made a course on “research and publication ethics” compulsory for all students pursuing PhD as they all are potential College and University teachers.
    Reason (R): A teacher must have appropriate understanding of research ethics to teach how to produce knowledge ethically.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Research and publication ethics is required because future researchers and teachers must understand ethical knowledge production and guide learners accordingly.

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22. Question 22

    Select appropriate maxims of Teaching.
    A. Simple to complex
    B. Rural to Urban
    C. Concrete to Abstract
    D. Analysis to Synthesis
    E. Low IQ to High IQ

    1. AB and E only
    2. BA, B and C only
    3. CD and E only
    4. DA, C and D only

    Answer: (D) A, C and D only

    Explanation

    Simple to complex, concrete to abstract, and analysis to synthesis are accepted teaching maxims. Rural to urban and low IQ to high IQ are not standard maxims.

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23. Question 23

    Which of the following is a flexibility mechanism under Kyoto protocol?
    A. Joint Implementation (JI)
    B. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)
    C. Common Minimum Programme (CMP)
    D. International Emission Trading (IET)
    E. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

    1. AA, B and E only
    2. BA, C and E only
    3. CA, C and D only
    4. DA, D and E only

    Answer: (D) A, D and E only

    Explanation

    The Kyoto Protocol flexibility mechanisms are Joint Implementation, International Emissions Trading, and the Clean Development Mechanism.

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24. Question 24

    Find the missing term in the series: -1, 2, 7, ?, 23, 34.

    1. A16
    2. B15
    3. C14
    4. D18

    Answer: (C) 14

    Explanation

    In the series -1, 2, 7, ?, 23, 34, compare consecutive terms. The differences are +3, +5, +7, +9 and +11, which are consecutive odd numbers. So after 7 we add 7 to get the missing term 14; then 14 + 9 = 23 and 23 + 11 = 34 confirm the pattern. Option C is correct, while 16, 15 and 18 break the odd-number difference sequence.

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25. Question 25

    Match List-I with List-II.

    List-I (Pronouncements)	List-II (Act/Commission)
    A. Allocation of one lakh rupees per year for education	I. Wood's Despatch
    B. English as a medium and as a language is necessary for India's growth	II. Kothari Commission Report
    C. Grant-in-Aid for every educational institution	III. Charter Act of 1813
    D. India's destiny is getting shaped in her classrooms	IV. Macaulay Minutes

    1. AA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    2. BA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
    3. CA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    4. DA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

    Answer: (C) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    The one lakh rupees allocation belongs to the Charter Act of 1813, English as a medium is linked to Macaulay, Grant-in-Aid to Wood's Despatch, and the classroom-destiny quote to the Kothari Commission.

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26. Question 26

    Select the correct statements.
    A. Chanakya composed Arthashastra at the Vallabhi University.
    B. Panini who wrote Ashtadhyayi was an alumnus of Takshashila.
    C. Acharya Shilbhadra was the highest living authority in Odantpuri.
    D. Agraharas was an educational institution with a whole settlement of Brahmanas.
    E. Jain educational institutions are also known as Basadis.

    1. AB, C, D and E only
    2. BA, C, D and E only
    3. CA and C only
    4. DB, D and E only

    Answer: (D) B, D and E only

    Explanation

    Chanakya is associated with Takshashila rather than Vallabhi, and Shilabhadra is associated with Nalanda. Panini, Agraharas, and Basadis are correctly stated.

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27. Question 27

    Assertion (A): India is one of the fastest growing economy of the World.
    Reason (R): To grow fast, India has been spending six percent of GDP on education since 2014.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (C) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

    Explanation

    India has often been among the faster-growing large economies, but the claim that it has spent six percent of GDP on education since 2014 is not correct.

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28. Question 28

    Arrange the following chronologically.
    A. NCTE
    B. NAAC
    C. NIRF
    D. AICTE
    E. UGC

    1. AB, C, D, E, A
    2. BB, A, E, C, D
    3. CD, E, A, B, C
    4. DE, A, D, B, C

    Answer: (C) D, E, A, B, C

    Explanation

    AICTE predates UGC, followed by NCTE, NAAC, and NIRF in the intended institutional chronology. The source label for A is visually degraded and should be reviewed.

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29. Question 29

    Identify the correct sequence of steps A-D followed by the CPU as it processes each instruction in a program.
    A. Store
    B. Decode
    C. Fetch
    D. Execute

    1. AD, C, A, B
    2. BC, B, D, A
    3. CB, C, D, A
    4. DA, D, B, C

    Answer: (B) C, B, D, A

    Explanation

    The instruction cycle proceeds as fetch, decode, execute and store, corresponding to C, B, D, A. Option B states "C, B, D, A", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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30. Question 30

    If (L)M represents a number L in base-M number system, then which of the following numbers are equivalent to (AD)16?
    A. (255)8
    B. (10101101)2
    C. (173)10
    D. (1141)5

    1. AA, C and D only
    2. BB and D only
    3. CA and B only
    4. DA, B and C only

    Answer: (D) A, B and C only

    Explanation

    (AD)16 equals 10 x 16 + 13 = 173 in decimal. That is also (255)8, (10101101)2, and (173)10, while (1141)5 is not 173. Option D states "A, B and C only", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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31. Question 31

    “It is based on the assumption that mass media have subtle effects on audiences who unknowingly absorb the dominant symbols, images and messages of media.” The above-mentioned communication theory is known by what name and who developed it?

    1. AAgenda Setting by Maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw
    2. BThe Cultivation Theory by George Gerbner
    3. CUses and Gratification Theory by Katz
    4. DSoviet Communist Theory by Wilbur Schramm

    Answer: (B) The Cultivation Theory by George Gerbner

    Explanation

    Cultivation theory, developed by George Gerbner, explains long-term subtle shaping of audience perceptions through repeated media exposure.

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32. Question 32

    Bhopal disaster (1984) is one of the most tragic industrial accidents, which happened due to release of gas into the atmosphere from Union Carbide factory.

    1. AMethyl isocyanate
    2. BTriethyl chlorine
    3. CDimethylsulphide
    4. DHydrogen disulphide

    Answer: (A) Methyl isocyanate

    Explanation

    The Bhopal disaster was caused by the release of methyl isocyanate gas from the Union Carbide plant. Option A states "Methyl isocyanate", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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33. Question 33

    Arrange the following environment-related acts in the chronological order of their enactment.
    A. The Wildlife Protection Act
    B. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
    C. The National Green Tribunal Act
    D. Environment (Protection) Act
    E. The Forest (Conservation) Act

    1. AE, A, D, B, C
    2. BA, E, B, D, C
    3. CA, B, E, C, D
    4. DB, E, A, C, D

    Answer: (B) A, E, B, D, C

    Explanation

    The sequence is Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Forest Conservation Act 1980, Air Act 1981, Environment Protection Act 1986, and National Green Tribunal Act 2010.

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34. Question 34

    Match List-I with List-II.

    List-I (Measurement Scale)	List-II (Appropriate Example)
    A. Ordinal	I. Color of Hair
    B. Ratio	II. Satisfaction Level
    C. Nominal	III. Difference in temperature in degree Celsius
    D. Interval	IV. Salary of employees

    1. AA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
    2. BA-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
    4. DA-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

    Answer: (D) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

    Explanation

    Ordinal scale fits satisfaction level, ratio scale fits salary, nominal scale fits hair colour, and interval scale fits Celsius temperature differences.

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35. Question 35

    “Statistically speaking, men who eat more bananas are more likely to be in committed relations. So start eating more bananas.” Which of the following fallacies is committed in the above argument?

    1. AFalse cause
    2. BSlippery slope
    3. CRed herring
    4. DAppeal to ignorance

    Answer: (A) False cause

    Explanation

    The argument mistakes correlation for causation by assuming that eating bananas causes committed relationships. Option A states "False cause", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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36. Question 36

    Ocean acidification occurs due to reaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide with sea water to produce

    1. ACarboxylic acid
    2. BCarbonic acid
    3. CCitric acid
    4. DNitric acid

    Answer: (B) Carbonic acid

    Explanation

    Carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater and forms carbonic acid, lowering ocean pH. Option B states "Carbonic acid", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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37. Question 37

    Match List-I with List-II.

    List-I (Biosphere Reserve)	List-II (Location)
    A. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve	I. Odisha
    B. Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve	II. Meghalaya
    C. Simlipal Biosphere Reserve	III. Madhya Pradesh
    D. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve	IV. Uttarakhand

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
    2. BA-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
    3. CA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    4. DA-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

    Answer: (D) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    Nanda Devi is in Uttarakhand, Pachmarhi is in Madhya Pradesh, Simlipal is in Odisha, and Nokrek is in Meghalaya. Option D states "A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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38. Question 38

    Assertion (A): VoIP is an acronym that stands for Voice over Internet Protocol.
    Reason (R): VoIP is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular phone call.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Both statements are true, but the second explains what the technology does rather than explaining the acronym itself.

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39. Question 39

    Select the correct statements.
    A. Teachers in HEIs must be strict disciplinarian.
    B. Teachers in HEIs must motivate her learners to learn independently.
    C. Teachers in HEIs must not use any technology.
    D. Teachers in HEIs must not interact with students outside classroom.
    E. Teachers in HEIs must be an avid reader and a participant in her discipline's discourse.

    1. AA and C only
    2. BB and E only
    3. CC and D only
    4. DA, B, C, D and E

    Answer: (B) B and E only

    Explanation

    Higher education teachers should encourage independent learning and remain active readers and participants in their discipline. The other statements are restrictive or incorrect.

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40. Question 40

    The capitalist countries perform even better as compared to the socialism because it is based on:

    Socialism aims at equality and social justice through government ownership and control over the means of production. Yet, no socialist country has been able to realise these aims. Even in Russia which is the pioneer of Socialism, much injustice, oppression and inequality prevails. There are glaring disparities between the elite and the masses. On the contrary, the Capitalist system is based on private property and voluntary exchange. People have disliked it on the presumption that it serves narrow and vested interests only. However, Capitalist countries have shown better results as people there enjoy comparatively more freedom and prosperity, and less injustice and inequality. It would be incorrect to say that socialism or communism was made corrupt by wicked and incompetent rulers or that capitalism has been successful in spite of the prevalence of immoral values in it. No political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained. However idealistic any particular system may be, it can be upheld only by ensuring respect for the dignity and individuality of each person, his rights and values, and by guaranteeing his personal freedom. Compulsion and the use of force, or exertion of psychological pressure should give way to gentle urging, reasoning and convincing. This is the fundamental value in inter-personal human relationships in society.

    1. APrivate property and voluntary exchange
    2. BPublic property and voluntary exchange
    3. CPrivate property and involuntary exchange
    4. DPublic property and involuntary exchange

    Answer: (A) Private property and voluntary exchange

    Explanation

    The passage directly contrasts capitalism with socialism and states that capitalism is based on private property and voluntary exchange.

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41. Question 41

    The fundamental value in inter-personal human relationships in society is:

    Socialism aims at equality and social justice through government ownership and control over the means of production. Yet, no socialist country has been able to realise these aims. Even in Russia which is the pioneer of Socialism, much injustice, oppression and inequality prevails. There are glaring disparities between the elite and the masses. On the contrary, the Capitalist system is based on private property and voluntary exchange. People have disliked it on the presumption that it serves narrow and vested interests only. However, Capitalist countries have shown better results as people there enjoy comparatively more freedom and prosperity, and less injustice and inequality. It would be incorrect to say that socialism or communism was made corrupt by wicked and incompetent rulers or that capitalism has been successful in spite of the prevalence of immoral values in it. No political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained. However idealistic any particular system may be, it can be upheld only by ensuring respect for the dignity and individuality of each person, his rights and values, and by guaranteeing his personal freedom. Compulsion and the use of force, or exertion of psychological pressure should give way to gentle urging, reasoning and convincing. This is the fundamental value in inter-personal human relationships in society.

    1. Acollective freedom
    2. Bfeeling of over dependence on others
    3. Crespect for the dignity of each person
    4. Dcollaboration with external agencies

    Answer: (C) respect for the dignity of each person

    Explanation

    The passage says that respect for the dignity and individuality of each person is the fundamental value in interpersonal human relationships.

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42. Question 42

    No socialist country has been able to realise the aims of socialism because:

    Socialism aims at equality and social justice through government ownership and control over the means of production. Yet, no socialist country has been able to realise these aims. Even in Russia which is the pioneer of Socialism, much injustice, oppression and inequality prevails. There are glaring disparities between the elite and the masses. On the contrary, the Capitalist system is based on private property and voluntary exchange. People have disliked it on the presumption that it serves narrow and vested interests only. However, Capitalist countries have shown better results as people there enjoy comparatively more freedom and prosperity, and less injustice and inequality. It would be incorrect to say that socialism or communism was made corrupt by wicked and incompetent rulers or that capitalism has been successful in spite of the prevalence of immoral values in it. No political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained. However idealistic any particular system may be, it can be upheld only by ensuring respect for the dignity and individuality of each person, his rights and values, and by guaranteeing his personal freedom. Compulsion and the use of force, or exertion of psychological pressure should give way to gentle urging, reasoning and convincing. This is the fundamental value in inter-personal human relationships in society.

    1. AIt shows narrow and vested interests only.
    2. BPeople enjoy more freedom and prosperity in capitalism.
    3. CIt is made corrupt by incompetent rulers.
    4. DIts good and moral qualities are not sustained.

    Answer: (D) Its good and moral qualities are not sustained.

    Explanation

    The passage rejects blaming only rulers and says no political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained.

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43. Question 43

    The advocates of socialism believe that equality can be ensured through:

    Socialism aims at equality and social justice through government ownership and control over the means of production. Yet, no socialist country has been able to realise these aims. Even in Russia which is the pioneer of Socialism, much injustice, oppression and inequality prevails. There are glaring disparities between the elite and the masses. On the contrary, the Capitalist system is based on private property and voluntary exchange. People have disliked it on the presumption that it serves narrow and vested interests only. However, Capitalist countries have shown better results as people there enjoy comparatively more freedom and prosperity, and less injustice and inequality. It would be incorrect to say that socialism or communism was made corrupt by wicked and incompetent rulers or that capitalism has been successful in spite of the prevalence of immoral values in it. No political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained. However idealistic any particular system may be, it can be upheld only by ensuring respect for the dignity and individuality of each person, his rights and values, and by guaranteeing his personal freedom. Compulsion and the use of force, or exertion of psychological pressure should give way to gentle urging, reasoning and convincing. This is the fundamental value in inter-personal human relationships in society.

    1. Athe mixed economy
    2. Bthe government ownership
    3. Cequal distribution of the profit to all
    4. Dpublic-private partnership model

    Answer: (B) the government ownership

    Explanation

    The first sentence states that socialism aims at equality and social justice through government ownership and control over the means of production.

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44. Question 44

    According to the passage, the key to success in any political system lies with its:

    Socialism aims at equality and social justice through government ownership and control over the means of production. Yet, no socialist country has been able to realise these aims. Even in Russia which is the pioneer of Socialism, much injustice, oppression and inequality prevails. There are glaring disparities between the elite and the masses. On the contrary, the Capitalist system is based on private property and voluntary exchange. People have disliked it on the presumption that it serves narrow and vested interests only. However, Capitalist countries have shown better results as people there enjoy comparatively more freedom and prosperity, and less injustice and inequality. It would be incorrect to say that socialism or communism was made corrupt by wicked and incompetent rulers or that capitalism has been successful in spite of the prevalence of immoral values in it. No political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained. However idealistic any particular system may be, it can be upheld only by ensuring respect for the dignity and individuality of each person, his rights and values, and by guaranteeing his personal freedom. Compulsion and the use of force, or exertion of psychological pressure should give way to gentle urging, reasoning and convincing. This is the fundamental value in inter-personal human relationships in society.

    1. Agood and moral qualities
    2. Bhard work and perseverance only
    3. Cpeople who are always concerned about their rights
    4. Dpeople who use criticality to analyse government sponsored schemes and policies

    Answer: (A) good and moral qualities

    Explanation

    The passage states that no political system can succeed unless its good and moral qualities are sustained. Option A states "good and moral qualities", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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45. Question 45

    Which of the following research design entails studying two contrasting cases using more or less identical methods?

    1. AComparative design
    2. BExperimental design
    3. CLongitudinal design
    4. DLatitudinal design

    Answer: (A) Comparative design

    Explanation

    A comparative design studies two or more contrasting cases through similar methods so their similarities and differences can be analysed systematically.

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46. Question 46

    Which of the following technology was introduced in the development of third generation of computers?

    1. ATransistors
    2. BVacuum Tubes
    3. CIntegrated Circuits
    4. DMICR

    Answer: (C) Integrated Circuits

    Explanation

    Third generation computers are identified with integrated circuits; vacuum tubes and transistors belong to earlier generations.

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47. Question 47

    If 40% of a number x is added to another number y, then y becomes 125% of its previous value. Find which of the following is true regarding the values of x and y?

    1. Ax/y = 8/5
    2. Bx = y
    3. Cx/y = 5/8
    4. Dx/y = 3/4

    Answer: (C) x/y = 5/8

    Explanation

    The increase in y is 25% of y, so 0.40x = 0.25y. Hence x/y = 0.25/0.40 = 5/8. Option C states "x/y = 5/8", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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48. Question 48

    The h-index is a metric for the cumulative impact and productivity of a researcher's scholarly output. If Dr Amit has published 10 research papers that have been cited as follows: 9, 7, 3, 11, 4, 8, 2, 12, 6 and 1, then what is the h-index of Dr Amit?

    1. A5
    2. B6
    3. C7
    4. D4

    Answer: (B) 6

    Explanation

    Sorting citations in descending order gives 12, 11, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. Six papers have at least six citations, but seven papers do not have at least seven citations.

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49. Question 49

    A smart classroom is a:

    1. ATeacher centric classroom
    2. BICT supported classroom
    3. CFlipped and Blended classroom
    4. DLearner centric classroom

    Answer: (B) ICT supported classroom

    Explanation

    A smart classroom is primarily defined by the use of ICT-enabled tools and resources to support teaching and learning. Option B states "ICT supported classroom", which fits the question's data or concept directly; the other choices either use the wrong value, sequence, matching, or definition.

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50. Question 50

    Which of the following University is NOT amongst the first three Universities opened in India in 1857?

    1. AUniversity of Delhi
    2. BUniversity of Bombay
    3. CUniversity of Calcutta
    4. DUniversity of Madras

    Answer: (A) University of Delhi

    Explanation

    The three universities established in 1857 were Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. University of Delhi was established later.

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100 questions with the answer key and explanations.

1. Question 1

   Which of the following are the assumptions of Modigliani and Miller's Dividend Irrelavance Theory ?
   A. Perfect Capital Market
   B. No taxes
   C. No transaction Cost and no time lag
   D. Fixed Investment Policy
   E. Investors behave irrationally

   1. AA,B,C,DandE
   2. BC,Dand E only
   3. CA,B, C and D only
   4. DA, Band E only

   Answer: (C) A,B, C and D only

   Explanation

   Option C is correct because A,B, C and D only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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2. Question 2

   Which of the following include the target firm's responses to acquisition efforts, that do not affect
   the wealth of equity holders ?

   1. ASearch for white knights
   2. BGolden parachutes
   3. CShark repellants
   4. DPoison pills

   Answer: (C) Shark repellants

   Explanation

   Shark repellants are governance or charter-level takeover defences such as staggered boards or supermajority provisions. They deter acquisition attempts structurally, unlike white knights, golden parachutes and poison pills, which can directly change deal economics, executive payouts or shareholder dilution. Therefore option C is correct.

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3. Question 3

   Which among the following is not a hygiene factor ?

   1. ASalary
   2. BSupervision
   3. CCompany Policy
   4. DResponsibility

   Answer: (D) Responsibility

   Explanation

   Option D is correct because Responsibility is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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4. Question 4

   Match List - I with List - II.
   List - I List - II
   Strategy Description
   A. Protective Put E Combining two or more call options (or two or more put options)
   on the same stock with differing exercise prices or times to
   maturity.
   B. Spread II. | Writing a call position on an asset along with buying the asset.
   C. Covered call III. Buying an asset along with a put on it.
   D. Long straddle IV. Buying a call as well as put ona stock at the same exercise price.

   List I / Set A	List II / Set B
   Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

   1. AA-IL, B-IIL, C-I, D-IV
   2. BA-IIl, B-I, C-Il, D-IV
   3. CAIL, BIL, C-IV, D-I
   4. DA-L B-IL, C-IV, D-II

   Answer: (B) A-IIl, B-I, C-Il, D-IV

   Explanation

   Option B is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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5. Question 5

   In case of cost-push inflation :

   1. ADemand curve shifts to the right
   2. BDemand curve shifts to the left
   3. CSupply curve shifts to the left
   4. DSupply curve shifts to the right

   Answer: (C) Supply curve shifts to the left

   Explanation

   Option C is correct because Supply curve shifts to the left is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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6. Question 6

   Match List - I with List - II.
   List - I List -
   (Name of Study) (Name)
   A. Time and motion study I Koontz and Donnell
   B. Hawthorne experiments I. Elton Mayo
   C. Universalist approach II. F.W. Taylor
   D. Bureaucracy IV. Max Weber

   List I / Set A	List II / Set B
   Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

   1. AA-IL B-IIL, C-I, D-IV
   2. BA-IIL, B-Il, C-I, D-IV
   3. CA-I, B-IIL, C-IL, D-IV
   4. DA-IV, B-IL, C-I, D-III

   Answer: (B) A-IIL, B-Il, C-I, D-IV

   Explanation

   Option B is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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7. Question 7

   Which of the following statements is not correct ?

   1. A| Unsystematic risk can be eliminated through diversification.
   2. B| Systematic risk can be eliminated through diversification.
   3. CThe Capital Market Line is an efficient set of risk free and risky securities, and it shows the risk return trade-off in the market equilibrium.
   4. DIn CAPM model, the market risk of a security is measured in terms of its sensitivity to the market movements which is referred as securities p.

   Answer: (B) | Systematic risk can be eliminated through diversification.

   Explanation

   Option B is correct because | Systematic risk can be eliminated through diversification. is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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8. Question 8

   The sampling procedure in which committees are formed by choosing people from various
   departments in an organization to help making decisions on product development, budget allocations
   and marketing strategies is known as :

   1. AStratified Sampling
   2. BMultistage Sampling
   3. CSystematic Sampling
   4. DCluster Sampling

   Answer: (A) Stratified Sampling

   Explanation

   Option A is correct because Stratified Sampling is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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9. Question 9

   The number of new orders received by the company over last 25 working days are as follows
   3,0, 1, 4, 4, 4, 2, 5,3, 6, 4, 5,1, 4, 2,3, 0, 2, 4,5, 4, 2,3, 3, 1. The average orders received during
   these working days :

   1. A2 orders
   2. B3 orders
   3. C4 orders
   4. D5 orders

   Answer: (B) 3 orders

   Explanation

   The 25 daily order counts add up to 75 total orders. Average orders are calculated as total orders divided by working days, so 75 / 25 = 3 orders. Therefore option B is correct; the other choices use a lower or higher average.

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10. Question 10

    Arrange the following steps of implementation of corporate diversification in the logical order :
    A. Allocate resources and authority to divisions
    B. Establish coordination & monitor performance
    C. Design appropriate organizational structure
    D. Identify core competencies and market opportunities
    E. Select diversification strategy

    1. AA, B, D, C, E
    2. BE, C, B, A, D
    3. CD, E, C, A, B
    4. DC, D, E, B, A

    Answer: (C) D, E, C, A, B

    Explanation

    Corporate diversification implementation starts by identifying core competencies and market opportunities, then selecting the diversification strategy. The organization is then designed around that strategy, resources and authority are allocated to divisions, and coordination/performance monitoring follows. This gives D, E, C, A, B, so option C is correct.

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11. Question 11

    Which of the following perceive pluralistic approach to Industrial Relation :
    A. Work place conflict is seen as a temporary aberration, resulting from poor management,
    from employees who don't mix with organisation's culture.
    B. Trade Unions as legitimate representatives of employees interest.
    C. Stability in industrial relations as the product of concession and compromises between
    management and union.
    D. Organisations as coalitions of competing interest, where the management role is to mediate
    amongst the different interest groups.
    E. Conflict arises not just because of competing interests within the organisation but because of
    division within the society between those who own resources and those who have only
    labour to offer.

    1. AA, Cand E only
    2. BC,Dand E only
    3. CB,C and D only
    4. DA, Band D only

    Answer: (C) B,C and D only

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because B,C and D only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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12. Question 12

    Assertion (A): Various sub-assemblies in the 2-wheeler plant need to be configured to match the
    production rate. Similarly, the final assembly stations also need to have the
    required number of resources at each station to meet the targeted demand.
    Reason (R): In such a scenario, to arrive at a balanced flow of components on the shop floor,
    the company need to group machines together based on their functionality and
    jobs will move from one functional department to other.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (C) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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13. Question 13

    4 5 .
    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Social Scientists Framework Theory
    A. McGuire I. Balance Theory of attitude change
    B. Rokeach II. Framework of cultural dimensions
    C. Hofstede III. Framework of values
    D. Heider IV. Matrix of attitudinal change

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IV, B-IIL, C-I, D-I
    2. BA-IV, B-IL, C-II, D-I
    3. CA-III, B-IV, C-IL, D-I
    4. DA-IV, B-I, Cl, D-II

    Answer: (A) A-IV, B-IIL, C-I, D-I

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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14. Question 14

    Arrange the following steps of Global marketing process in a correct order :
    A. Implement the marketing strategy
    B. Decide on market entry strategy
    C. Monitor and control
    D. Identify and evaluate marketing opportunities
    E. Develop a marketing program

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BD, B, E, A, C
    3. CB, E, D, A, C
    4. DE, B, D, A, C

    Answer: (B) D, B, E, A, C

    Explanation

    Option B gives the logical sequence: D, B, E, A, C. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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15. Question 15

    Arrange the logical steps under the Net Income (IN) approach of capital structure :
    A. Increase in financial leverage reduces the overall cost of capital.
    B. Reduced overall cost of capital increases the value of the firm.
    C. Assumes cost of equity and cost of debt remain constant.
    D. Concludes that value of firm can be maximized by using as much debt as possible.

    1. AC, A, B, D
    2. BA, C, D, B
    3. CB, A, C, D
    4. DC, B, D, A

    Answer: (A) C, A, B, D

    Explanation

    Option A gives the logical sequence: C, A, B, D. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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16. Question 16

    Assertion (A): In the related diversification, a firm acquires a new business whose value chain
    possesses competitively valuable cross-business strategic fits.
    Reason (R): Related diversification strategies mainly aimed to realise financial, managerial
    and/or operational synergies.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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17. Question 17

    3 eS ' ¥ ri
    Arrange the following steps in fixed income portfolio process in order :
    A. Drafting guideline for investment policy
    B. Setting up objective
    C. - Selection of securities and other assets
    D. Evaluation of performance with benchmark
    E. Selection of portfolio strategy

    1. AB, A, C, E, D
    2. BB, A, E, C, D
    3. CC, D, E, B, A
    4. DA, B, C, E, D

    Answer: (B) B, A, E, C, D

    Explanation

    Option B gives the logical sequence: B, A, E, C, D. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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18. Question 18

    5 j , s i
    Which of the following best describes the 4 A's from the buyer's viewpoint ?
    A. Adjustability
    B. Awareness
    C. Accessibility
    D. Affordability
    E. Acceptability

    1. AA, B, C only
    2. BB,C, D, Eonly
    3. CB,C, Donly
    4. DA,C,D, E only

    Answer: (B) B,C, D, Eonly

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because B,C, D, Eonly is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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19. Question 19

    Which of the following best describes an American call option ?

    1. A_ It gives the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at a specified price within a specified period.
    2. BIt assists the holder to purchase the underlying asset at the market price on expiry only.
    3. CIt gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price within a specified period.
    4. DIt is a contract that guarantees a fixed return irrespective of market movements.

    Answer: (C) It gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price within a specified period.

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because It gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price within a specified period. is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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20. Question 20

    A transaction that takes place when a large firms that has a small equity stake in a small firm
    decided to acquire a 100% interest in the firm is called :

    1. ASpin out
    2. BSpin in
    3. CLink Joint Venture
    4. DScale Joint Venture

    Answer: (B) Spin in

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Spin in is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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21. Question 21

    Based on the Data Mining Process used in Business Analytics arrange the following in sequence :
    A. Pre-Processing the data selecting attributes of interest and checking the outliers
    B. Assess the degree to which the selected model make company understood variability / similarity
    in behaviour and generate segments
    C. Understanding "What are the common characteristics of the customers, that the company
    has lost to its competitors"
    D. Identify the spending behaviour of shoppers understanding the most relevant variables and
    use of descriptive statistics.
    E. Modeling technique are selected and applied on dataset.

    1. AB, E, C, D, A
    2. BC, E, B, A, D
    3. CD, E, B, A, C
    4. DC, D, A, E, B

    Answer: (D) C, D, A, E, B

    Explanation

    Option D gives the logical sequence: C, D, A, E, B. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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22. Question 22

    Assertion (A): In monopolistic competition, firms face a downward-sloping demand curve that
    is more elastic than under monopoly.
    Reason (R): In monopolistic competition, close substitutes of the product are available in the
    market.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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23. Question 23

    In Collective Bargaining, an 'impasse' refers to :

    1. AThe combined refusal by employees to buy employer's product
    2. BA refusal by the employer to provide opportunities to work
    3. CA situation that occurs when the parties are not able to move further towards settlement, usually because one party is demanding more than the other will offer.
    4. D| A situation where employees carry sign announcing their concerns near the employer's place of business.

    Answer: (C) A situation that occurs when the parties are not able to move further towards settlement, usually because one party is demanding more than the other will offer.

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because A situation that occurs when the parties are not able to move further towards settlement, usually because one party is demanding more than the other will offer. is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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24. Question 24

    Put the given steps in sequence to solve the Transportation Model problem in Operations Research :
    A. Test for Optimality
    B. Perform Optimality Test
    C. Make a Transportation Table
    D. Find the basic feasible solution
    E. _ Iterate towards an optimal solution

    1. AA, C, B, D, E
    2. BC, D, B, E, A
    3. CD, E, B, A, C
    4. DE, D, A, B, C

    Answer: (B) C, D, B, E, A

    Explanation

    A transportation model is first laid out as a transportation table, then an initial basic feasible solution is found. After that the solution is tested for optimality, improved through iteration if needed, and finally checked again. This gives C, D, B, E, A, so option B is correct.

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25. Question 25

    Foreign exchange quotation when expressed in a manner that reflects the exchange of a specified
    number of foreign currencies vis-a-vis one unit of local currency is expressed as :

    1. ADirect Quotation
    2. BEuropean Quotation
    3. CIndirect Quotation
    4. DGeographical Arbitrage

    Answer: (C) Indirect Quotation

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because Indirect Quotation is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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26. Question 26

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Strategic Features
    Business Unit
    A. Dogs I. Used to find other developing businesses
    B. Stars II. Can be converted into stars
    C. Cash Cows Ill, Need heavy investment, to finance their rapid growth
    D. Question Mark IV. Harvested or divested from portfolio

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-IL, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    3. CA-IV, B-IIl, C-I, D-II
    4. DA-IIL, B-I, C-I, D-IV

    Answer: (C) A-IV, B-IIl, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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27. Question 27

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Category Strategic Description
    A. Defenders I. Highly competitive and slave of their environment
    B. - Prospectors If. Exploit niches in the market place
    Cc. Analyser Il Cost control as primary focus
    D. Reactor IV. Innovation

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IIL, B-IV, C-IL, D-I.
    2. BA-IL, B-I, C-IN, D-IV
    3. CA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    4. DA-L, B-III, C-Il, D-IV

    Answer: (A) A-IIL, B-IV, C-IL, D-I.

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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28. Question 28

    oa
    Which of the following is not the type of Data Warehouse ?

    1. AData Marts (DMs)
    2. BOperational Data Stores (ODS)
    3. CEnterprise Data Warehouses (EDW)
    4. DData Integration Houses (DIH)

    Answer: (D) Data Integration Houses (DIH)

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Data Integration Houses (DIH) is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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29. Question 29

    9.120 Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Steps to generate Description
    creative ideas
    A. Incubation E Idea is subject to scrutiny
    B. Insight II. Idea transformed to something of value
    C. Evaluation Ill, Thinks about a problem
    D. Elaboration IV. Idea is born

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IIL, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    2. BACIIL, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    3. CA-IV, BHI, C-l, D-II
    4. DA-IV, B-IIL, C-Il, D-I

    Answer: (A) A-IIL, B-IV, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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30. Question 30

    Which of the following statements are correct for computing the Cost of Equity ?
    A. - If dividend is expected to be constant, then dividend price approach should be used.
    B. If earnings per share is expected to be constant, then earnings price approach should be
    used.
    C. If earnings and dividend are expected to grow at a constant rate, then realized yield should
    be used.
    D. If it is difficult to forecast future, then Growth approach (Gordon's model) should be used
    which looks into the past.
    E. When the cost of equity or expectation of the investor is dependent on risk, then Capital
    Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) should be used.

    1. AA, Band C only
    2. BA, Band D only
    3. CB,C and D only
    4. DA, Band E only

    Answer: (D) A, Band E only

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because A, Band E only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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31. Question 31

    HR managers usually employ a systematic process when undertaking Human Resource Planning.
    Arrange the process in correct sequence :
    A. The Formulation of staffing strategies to meet organisational needs.
    B. Labour supply analysis (including both internal and external sources).
    C. Labour demand forecasting.
    D. Environmental scanning.
    E. Balancing supply and demand consideration

    1. AA, C, B, E, D
    2. BD, C, B, E, A
    3. CD, A, C, B, E
    4. DA, D, C, E, B

    Answer: (B) D, C, B, E, A

    Explanation

    Option B gives the logical sequence: D, C, B, E, A. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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32. Question 32

    Identify the correct sequence of entrepreneurial process :
    A. Establish vision
    B. Identify an opportunity
    C. Gather resources
    D. Persuade others
    E. Create New venture/product/market

    1. AB, A, D, C, E
    2. BB, D, A, C, E
    3. CA, B, D, C, E
    4. DB, E, D, C, A

    Answer: (A) B, A, D, C, E

    Explanation

    Option A gives the logical sequence: B, A, D, C, E. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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33. Question 33

    Under which of the following conditions, a brand is said to have a negative brand equity ?

    1. AConsumers are unaware of the brand's existence
    2. BConsumers react less favorably to the brand than to an unbranded version
    3. CThe brand is unable to differentiate itself in the market place
    4. D| The financial value of the brand decreases below its market price

    Answer: (B) Consumers react less favorably to the brand than to an unbranded version

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Consumers react less favorably to the brand than to an unbranded version is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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34. Question 34

    A
    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Industry Structure Opportunities
    A. Declining Industry I. Product Refinement
    B. Emerging Industry II. First mover advantage
    C. Mature Industry II. Harvest
    D. Fragmented Industry [V. Consolidation

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IL B-IIl, C-I, D-IV
    2. BA-IIl, B-Il, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-I, B-Il, C-II, D-IV
    4. DA-IV, B-IL, C-I, D-III

    Answer: (B) A-IIl, B-Il, C-I, D-IV

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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35. Question 35

    Assertion (A): For exports of goods, the exporter has to apply to the nominated export inspection
    agency for conducting the pre-shipment and quality control inspection for the
    export consignment and obtain Export Credit Certificate conforming to the
    prescribed specifications.
    Reason (R): This inspection certificate would be required for customs clearance of cargo before
    shipment.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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36. Question 36

    Generally, a supermarket in classified by which of the following category ?

    1. ARelative prices
    2. BOwnership
    3. CProduct line sold
    4. DService provided

    Answer: (C) Product line sold

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because Product line sold is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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37. Question 37

    Fixed manufacturing overhead costs are recognised as :

    1. APeriod costs under absorption costing
    2. BProduct costs under variable costing
    3. CPart of ending inventory costs under both absorption and variable costing
    4. DProduct costs under absorption costing

    Answer: (D) Product costs under absorption costing

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Product costs under absorption costing is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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38. Question 38

    When the supervisor keeps a log of positive and negative examples of a subordinate's work-related.
    bevaviour, it refers to which one of the following methods of performance appraisal ?

    1. APaired Comparison Method
    2. BCritical Incident Method
    3. CForced Distributive Incidence Method
    4. D| Alternation Ranking Method.

    Answer: (B) Critical Incident Method

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Critical Incident Method is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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39. Question 39

    iF two goods are perfect substitutes for each other, Cross elasticity of demand between them will
    be:

    1. AZero
    2. BPositive
    3. CNegative
    4. DInfinity

    Answer: (D) Infinity

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Infinity is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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40. Question 40

    Human Capacity' under Building Trade Capacity as per efforts made by WTO to meet special
    requirements of developing countries refers to help on which of the following :

    1. ARoads and Ports
    2. BNational Standards Authorities
    3. CCustoms
    4. DTrade Lawyers

    Answer: (D) Trade Lawyers

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Trade Lawyers is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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41. Question 41

    Which one of the following theory of corporate governance focuses on the principal-agent conflict,
    where managers may prioritize their own interests over those of shareholders, thereby necessitating
    monitoring, incentives, and control mechanism ?

    1. AStewardship Theory
    2. BAgency Theory
    3. CStakeholder Theory
    4. D| Resource Dependence Theory

    Answer: (B) Agency Theory

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Agency Theory is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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42. Question 42

    Which of the following strategies are commonly used by a firm to win a "Format War" ?
    A. Killer Applications
    B. Cooperate with Competitors
    C. Tapered Integration
    D. Transfer Pricing
    E. Divestment Strategy

    1. AAandE only
    2. BBand C only
    3. CCand D only
    4. DAand B only

    Answer: (D) Aand B only

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Aand B only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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43. Question 43

    Entries into the cells of a contingency table should be :

    1. AFrequencies
    2. BMean Values
    3. CPercentages
    4. DDegrees of Freedom

    Answer: (A) Frequencies

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because Frequencies is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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44. Question 44

    The difference between the standard quantity of a material specified for actual production and the
    actual quantity of material used at standard price is known as :

    1. AMaterial Cost Variance
    2. BMaterial Usage Variance
    3. CMaterial Price Variance
    4. DMaterial Yield Variance

    Answer: (B) Material Usage Variance

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Material Usage Variance is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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45. Question 45

    7
    Arrange the basic process of HR strategy in correct orders :
    A. Identify people issues
    B. Communicate HR strategy
    C. Identify strategic Business issues
    D. Scan External Environment
    E. Develop HR strategy

    1. AE, A, C, D, B
    2. BC, D, E, A, B
    3. CA, C, D, B, E
    4. DD, C, A, E, B

    Answer: (D) D, C, A, E, B

    Explanation

    Option D gives the logical sequence: D, C, A, E, B. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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46. Question 46

    A conscious belief that only the host-country managers can ever really understand the culture and
    behaviour of the host-country market. It refers to which of the following top executives' values :

    1. AEthnocentric
    2. BGeocentric
    3. CPolycentric
    4. D| Egocentric

    Answer: (C) Polycentric

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because Polycentric is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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47. Question 47

    Assertion (A): Generally, the customers consider the sales force as the representative of the
    company.
    Reason (R): Often, the company's sale force works directly with the customers.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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48. Question 48

    Pet z
    As per Accounting Standard - 22, Deferred Tax Liability arises when :

    1. AAccounting income is less than taxable income
    2. BAccounting income is more than taxable income
    3. C| Accounting income is equal to taxable income
    4. DThere is an accounting loss but a taxable income

    Answer: (B) Accounting income is more than taxable income

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Accounting income is more than taxable income is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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49. Question 49

    Generally, consumers undertake complex buying behaviour in situations characterized by which
    one of the followings ?

    1. AHigh involvement in purchase and few perceived difference among brands
    2. BLow involvement in purchase and significant perceived difference among brands
    3. CHigh involvement in purchase and significance perceived difference among brands
    4. D| Low involvement in purchase and few significant perceived difference among brands

    Answer: (C) High involvement in purchase and significance perceived difference among brands

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because High involvement in purchase and significance perceived difference among brands is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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50. Question 50

    Low nurturing and low regulating leader behaviour is called :

    1. AConsulting style
    2. BSupporting style
    3. CDelegating style
    4. DDirective style

    Answer: (C) Delegating style

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because Delegating style is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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51. Question 51

    The positive model is applied to planned change through an approach is called appreciative inquiry
    (Al). Which of the following is not the cyclical step of AI ?

    1. ADiscovery
    2. BDreaming
    3. CDesign
    4. DDedication

    Answer: (D) Dedication

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Dedication is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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52. Question 52

    Which of the following techniques of enhancing strategic thinking is most similar to Devil's
    Advocacy ?

    1. ABrains storming
    2. BDialectical inquiry
    3. CNominal group technique
    4. DDelphi method

    Answer: (B) Dialectical inquiry

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Dialectical inquiry is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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53. Question 53

    g A a
    Arrange the following steps in the correct order of Controlling Process :
    A. Comparison of actual performance with the standards
    B. Measurement of actual performance
    C. Corrective action wherever required
    D. Establishment of standards

    1. AB, A, C, D
    2. BD, B, A, C
    3. CB, C, A, D
    4. DA, C, B, D

    Answer: (B) D, B, A, C

    Explanation

    Option B gives the logical sequence: D, B, A, C. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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54. Question 54

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Organizations Management tools and Techniques
    A. World Bank I. Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM)
    B. WTO II. International Commodity Agreements (ICAs)
    C. CFC III. Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP)
    D. UNCTAD IV. The Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
    2. BA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    3. CA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    4. DA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Answer: (D) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

    Explanation

    The World Bank publishes the Logistics Performance Index, WTO uses the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, CFC is associated with International Commodity Agreements, and UNCTAD is associated with the Global System of Trade Preferences. This maps A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III, so option D is correct.

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55. Question 55

    Assertion (A): It is possible for almost everyone to become a leader if circumstances allow him/
    her to perform functions dictated by the situation.
    Reason (R): The qualities, characteristics and skill required in a leader are determined to a
    large extent by the demands of the situation in which he/she is to function as a
    leader.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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56. Question 56

    Arrange the following features of adopter groups of new products in the correct order of stages of
    adoption process :
    A. Skeptical
    B. Deliberate
    C. Venturesome
    D. Tradition bound
    E. Opinion leaders

    1. AA, C, D, B, E
    2. BB, D, C, E, A
    3. CC, E, B, A, D
    4. DD, C, B, A, E

    Answer: (C) C, E, B, A, D

    Explanation

    Option C gives the logical sequence: C, E, B, A, D. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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57. Question 57

    String of activities that moves a firm's product from the raw material stage through manufacturing,
    distribution and ultimately to the end user is called :

    1. AProduct Life Cycle
    2. BValue Chain
    3. CNew Product Development
    4. DProduct - Value Continuum

    Answer: (B) Value Chain

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Value Chain is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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58. Question 58

    i oer on
    Which of the following is not an example of systematic risk ?

    1. AStrike by factory workers
    2. BInterest rate risk
    3. CPurchasing power risk
    4. DEconomic recession

    Answer: (A) Strike by factory workers

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because Strike by factory workers is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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59. Question 59

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Leadership Style Maturity level of Subordinates
    A. Telling I. Moderate to high
    B. Selling . High
    C. Participating II. Low
    D. Delegating IV. Low to moderate

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    2. BA-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
    3. CA-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
    4. DA-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

    Answer: (A) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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60. Question 60

    In the VRIO framework, the V stands for which one of the following questions ?

    1. AIs a resource currently controlled by only a small number of competing firms ?
    2. BDo firms without a resource face a cost disadvantage in obtaining or developing it ?
    3. CAre a firm's other policies organised to support the exploitation of its resources ?
    4. DDoes a resource enable a firm to exploit an environmental opportunity and/or neutralize an environment threat ?

    Answer: (D) Does a resource enable a firm to exploit an environmental opportunity and/or neutralize an environment threat ?

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Does a resource enable a firm to exploit an environmental opportunity and/or neutralize an environment threat ? is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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61. Question 61

    a '
    The kinked demand curve theory of oligopoly suggests that :

    1. AFirms can freely raise prices without losing demand
    2. BPrice cuts are matched by rivals, but price increases are not
    3. CPrice increases are matched, but price cuts are not
    4. DDemand is perfectly elastic at prevailing price

    Answer: (B) Price cuts are matched by rivals, but price increases are not

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Price cuts are matched by rivals, but price increases are not is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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62. Question 62

    The tendency to draw a negative general impression about an individual based on a single
    characteristic refers to which of the following ?

    1. ASelective perception
    2. BHalo effect
    3. CHorns effect
    4. DStereotyping

    Answer: (C) Horns effect

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because Horns effect is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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63. Question 63

    In Production & Operations Management, the abbreviation CNC (its a machine) stands for :

    1. AComputer Number Centered
    2. BComputer Numerically Controlled
    3. CCustomer Number Center
    4. DCase Numerically Controlled

    Answer: (B) Computer Numerically Controlled

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Computer Numerically Controlled is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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64. Question 64

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Purpose of Tool Quality Management Tool
    (Quality Related)
    A. Identifying Specific Improvement opportunities I. Control Charts
    B. Analysing problems and their root causes Il, Pareto Diagrams
    C. Highlighting Problems Ill, Pokya Yoke
    D. Operational Planning for building quality IV. Fish Bone Diagram
    into products/services

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IL B-Ill, C-IV, D-I
    2. BA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, BIL, C-IIl, D-I
    4. DA-IL, BV, C-l, D-II

    Answer: (D) A-IL, BV, C-l, D-II

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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65. Question 65

    Assertion (A): Most fast growth entrepreneurial ventures organise as corporations or limited
    liability companies rather than as sole proprietorship or partnership.
    Reason (R): Business losses of corporations can be deducted against the shareholder's other
    sources of income.
    ie = light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given
    LOW =

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (C) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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66. Question 66

    3 '
    Identify the steps involved in the creative process :
    A. Preparation
    B. Opportunity Recognition
    C. Incubation
    D. Insight
    E. Feasibility analysis

    1. AA,Band E only
    2. BA, Cand D only
    3. CB,D and E only
    4. DA,EandC only

    Answer: (B) A, Cand D only

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because A, Cand D only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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67. Question 67

    Which of the following is true :

    1. AThe role of Central bank in the foreign exchange market is commercial in nature.
    2. BForward exchange rate is the rate of that day on which the transaction has taken place
    3. CCross rate is the rate of exchange of two currencies on the basis of exchange quotes of other pairs of currencies.
    4. D| The rate at which a foreign exchange dealer is ready to sell a currency is called bid rate.

    Answer: (C) Cross rate is the rate of exchange of two currencies on the basis of exchange quotes of other pairs of currencies.

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because Cross rate is the rate of exchange of two currencies on the basis of exchange quotes of other pairs of currencies. is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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68. Question 68

    5 . :
    Arrange the following step of pricing process in a logical order :
    A. Analyse competitiors' price
    B. Estimate demand and revenue
    C. Select pricing method
    D. Assess pricing objectives
    E. Determine Cost

    1. AA, C, D, B, E
    2. BD, A, B, C, E
    3. CD, B, E, A, C
    4. DA, D, E, B, C

    Answer: (C) D, B, E, A, C

    Explanation

    Option C gives the logical sequence: D, B, E, A, C. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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69. Question 69

    According to which of the following theories of International Business, the pattern of FDI is
    determined by combination of Core Competency, locational advantage and entry mode ?

    1. AInternational Product Life Cycle Theory
    2. BMarket Imperfection Theory
    3. CInternalization Theory
    4. DEclectic Theory

    Answer: (D) Eclectic Theory

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Eclectic Theory is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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70. Question 70

    Assertion (A): Liberal credit policies increase the probability of defaults and the associated bad
    debt losses.
    Reason (R): Relaxing credit standards will generally increase sales but may reduce the quality
    of receivables.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the truth values and explanatory link between the assertion and reason match the management principle involved. The other options either deny a true statement or claim an explanation that does not logically follow.

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71. Question 71

    An entrepreneur whose aim is to maximise the economic returns at a level consistent with the
    survival of the firm, with or without the element of growth is called :

    1. AFabian entrepreneur
    2. BFirst generation entrepreneur
    3. CModern entrepreneur
    4. DClassical entrepreneur

    Answer: (D) Classical entrepreneur

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because Classical entrepreneur is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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72. Question 72

    nw . .
    The "Vs" that define the Big Data are :
    A. Volume
    B. Variety
    C. Velocity
    D. Validity
    E. Veracity

    1. A<A, BandC only
    2. BB, Cand E only
    3. C<A, B, Cand E only
    4. DB,C, Dand E only

    Answer: (C) <A, B, Cand E only

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because <A, B, Cand E only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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73. Question 73

    Which of the following organisational structure is generally adopted by firms to realise the full
    potential of cost leadership strategies ?

    1. AM- form structure
    2. BU- form structure
    3. CA - form structure
    4. DH- form structure

    Answer: (B) U- form structure

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because U- form structure is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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74. Question 74

    Identify the correct sequence of stages in the sales process :
    A. _ Initial contact
    B. Gather the sales Lead
    C. Meeting objections and concerns
    D. Qualifying the Lead
    E. Sales presentation

    1. AB, A, D, E, C
    2. BA, B, C, D, E
    3. CB, D, A, C, E
    4. DA, C, B, D, E

    Answer: (A) B, A, D, E, C

    Explanation

    Option A gives the logical sequence: B, A, D, E, C. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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75. Question 75

    Which of the following strategy is generally adopted by a market challenger firm ?

    1. AFollow at a distance
    2. BIndirect attack
    3. CMultiple Niching
    4. DProtect Market Share

    Answer: (B) Indirect attack

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Indirect attack is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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76. Question 76

    The rate at which a company is spending its capital until it reaches profitability is called :

    1. ABurn rate
    2. BIndifference rate
    3. CBreak even rate
    4. DSpin off rate

    Answer: (A) Burn rate

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because Burn rate is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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77. Question 77

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Concept Description
    A. Marketing Concept I. Qualitative, performing and innovative products
    B. Selling Concept II. Large-scale sales and promotion effort
    C. Production Concept III]. Customer focus and values
    D. Product Concept IV. Available and affordable products

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-IIL, D-IV
    2. BA-H, B-lll, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-II, C-IL, D-I
    4. DA-IIL, B-IL, C-IV, D-I

    Answer: (D) A-IIL, B-IL, C-IV, D-I

    Explanation

    Option D is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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78. Question 78

    Five jobs are to be scheduled in two machines in a manufacturing shop. All the five jobs undergo
    processing in both machines as per table.
    Pine cine
    A. | Job1 4 7
    B. Job 2 6 3
    & Job3 2 3
    D. Job4 7 7
    E. Job5 8 6
    Identify the best sequence using Johnson's rule.

    1. AA, B, C, D, E
    2. BB, E, D, A, C
    3. CC, A, D, E, B
    4. DD, C, B, A, E

    Answer: (C) C, A, D, E, B

    Explanation

    Option C gives the logical sequence: C, A, D, E, B. The process starts with the initiating step and then moves through planning, action, and review rather than reversing those stages.

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79. Question 79

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    (Term) (Description)
    A. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility I. On each successive unit consumed, the utility
    derived goes on falling
    B. Consumer Surplus Il The rate at which consumer is ready to
    compromise goods X for another goods Y,
    holding the level of satisfaction constant
    C. Marginal Rate of Substitution II. Difference between what a consumer is ready
    to pay for a commodity and what he actually
    pays for it
    D. Budget Line IV. All those combinations of two goods which
    consumer can buy spending his given money
    income and their given prices.

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IL, B-IIl, C-I, D-IV
    2. BA-IIL, B-IL, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-L, B-IIL, C-ll, D-IV
    4. DA-IV, B-Il, C-I, D-Ill

    Answer: (C) A-L, B-IIL, C-ll, D-IV

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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80. Question 80

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    (Leverage) (Interpretation)
    A. Operating Leverage I. - Sensitivity of EPS to EBIT changes
    B. Financial Leverage [l. Sensitivity of EBIT to sales changes
    C. Combined Leverage III. Sensitivity of EPS to Sales changes
    D. Degree of Leverage IV. Ratio-based quantitative measure

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
    4. DA-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

    Answer: (A) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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81. Question 81

    Which of the following statements are correct ?
    A. Gross Domestic Product at Market Price = Gross National Product at Market Price + Net Factor
    Income From Abroad.
    B. Gross Domestic Product at factor Cost=Gross Domestic Product at Market Price - Indirect
    Taxes + Subsidies
    C. Net Domestic Product at Market Price = Net National Product at Market Price- Net Factor
    Income From Abroad
    D. Gross Domestic Product at Market Price = Net Domestic Product at Market Price + Depreciation
    E. Net National Product at Market Price = Gross Domestic Product at Market Price + Net Factor
    Income From Abroad + Depreciation

    1. AA, Band C only
    2. BA, Band D only
    3. CB,C and D only
    4. DA, Band E only

    Answer: (C) B,C and D only

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because B,C and D only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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82. Question 82

    2 '
    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Concept Model
    A. The concept advocates the view that I. Saas
    "where data lives"
    B. Infrastructure resources like networks, II. Daas
    storage, servers are provided to clients.
    C. Allows consumers to use applications and III. Iaas
    software that run on distant computers in
    the cloud infrastructure
    D. Companies can deploy their software and IV. Pass
    applications in the cloud so that their
    customers can use them.

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-IL, B-IIL, C-I, D-IV
    2. BA-ItL, B-IL C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IL, B-L C-IV, D-II
    4. DA-IV, B-IIL C-Il, D-I

    Answer: (A) A-IL, B-IIL, C-I, D-IV

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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83. Question 83

    The process by which people's emotions are caused by the emotions of others is called ?

    1. AEmotion Regulation
    2. BEmotion Contagion
    3. CEmotional Dissonance
    4. DEmotional Labour

    Answer: (B) Emotion Contagion

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because Emotion Contagion is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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84. Question 84

    Identify the correct sequence of activities involved in Quality Circle Development :
    A. Constitution of QC
    B. Start-up phase
    C. Presentation and approval of suggestions
    D. Initial problem solving
    E. Implementation

    1. AB, A, D, C, E
    2. BB, A, C, D, E
    3. CA, B, D, E, C
    4. DA, D, E, B, C

    Answer: (A) B, A, D, C, E

    Explanation

    Quality Circle development begins with the start-up phase, where awareness and groundwork are created. The circle is then constituted, it performs initial problem solving, presents suggestions for approval, and finally implements the approved suggestions. This gives B, A, D, C, E, so option A is correct.

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85. Question 85

    Fi a
    Identify Emotion Regulation techniques from among the following :
    A. Emotional Suppression
    B. Cognitive reappraisal
    C. Social sharing
    D. Emotional Intelligence
    E. Emotional Labour

    1. AA, Band C only
    2. BA, Cand Donly
    3. CB,C and Donly
    4. DA,B and E only

    Answer: (A) A, Band C only

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because A, Band C only is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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86. Question 86

    Which of the following are non-random sampling methods?
    A. Cluster sampling
    B. Systematic sampling
    C. Quota sampling
    D. Purposive sampling
    E. Multi-stage sampling

    1. AA and B only
    2. BC and D only
    3. CA, B and C only
    4. DB, C and E only

    Answer: (B) C and D only

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because quota sampling and purposive sampling are non-random methods. Cluster, systematic and multi-stage sampling are generally probability sampling designs.

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87. Question 87

    qorizontal FDI' means :

    1. AWhena firm invests in a foreign country in similar production activity as carried out in home country exploiting its competitive advantage in the host country.
    2. BForeign firm takes control over domestic assets
    3. CDirect investment made overseas with aim to provide inputs for the firm's production processes in the home country.
    4. D| Direct investment in industries abroad so as to either provide inputs for the firm's domestic operations or sell its domestic output overseas.

    Answer: (A) Whena firm invests in a foreign country in similar production activity as carried out in home country exploiting its competitive advantage in the host country.

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because Whena firm invests in a foreign country in similar production activity as carried out in home country exploiting its competitive advantage in the host country. is the accepted concept, definition, or calculation required by the question. The other options describe different ideas or use an incorrect value.

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88. Question 88

    Assertion (A): Margin of safety can be negative if actual sales are less than break even sales.
    Reason (R): Negative Margin of safety means losses equal fixed costs minus contribution.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Margin of safety equals actual sales minus break-even sales, so it becomes negative when actual sales are below the break-even level. In that loss zone, contribution is not enough to cover fixed cost, and the loss equals fixed cost minus contribution. Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion, so option A is correct.

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89. Question 89

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    Term Description
    A. Price Earnings to Growth Ratio (PEG) I. Net margin x Assets turnover X Financial
    Leverage
    B. -Altman's Z score II. A tool for predicting corporate
    bankruptcy using ratio analysis
    C. Return on Equity - DuPont analysis II. A ratio which is used as an indication of
    fair pricing of a stock
    D. Market capitalization IV. No. of shares x current market price

    List I / Set A	List II / Set B
    Items A-D as printed in the question stem	Items I-IV as printed in the question stem

    1. AA-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    2. BA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
    4. DA-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

    Answer: (A) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because it pairs each term with its accepted definition or associated framework. The remaining options interchange at least one list item with an unrelated description.

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90. Question 90

    Assertion (A): Reality shock occurs when a new employee's high expectations and enthusiasm
    confront the reality of a boring, unchallenging job.
    Reason (R): Providing realistic job interview, challenging first job, and experienced mentors
    can help preventing reality shock.

    1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. BBoth (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. C(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
    4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

    Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    Explanation

    Reality shock comes from the gap between a newcomer's high expectations and the actual job experience. Realistic job previews, challenging first assignments and mentoring reduce that gap by aligning expectations and supporting adjustment. Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion, so option A is correct.

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91. Question 91

    Why have annual reviews become redundant in organizations today ?

    The Chairman astonished HR leaders by announcing the company's discontinuation of annual reviews, substituting them with immediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives. This transformation has gained widespread acceptance: around one-third of U.S. companies, including Adobe, Deloitte, GE, Microsoft and PwC, have transitioned from inflexible annual evaluations to regular, informal assessments. Conventional performance evaluations evolved into expensive, bureaucratic processes that are unpopular among employees and managers. Critics contend that they prioritize historical conduct over prospective development, hinder collaboration and do not fulfill commercial requirements. Originating from the military's merit rating system, performance appraisals have shifted between accountability and development under factors such as inflation, compulsory ranking at GE, executive compensation reforms and the competitive pursuit of talent. Low inflation, streamlined structures, agile work methods and the need for innovation have made annual reviews redundant. Organizations now emphasize agility, collaboration, personnel development, continuous dialogue and immediate objectives. Continuous feedback mechanisms improve satisfaction, coaching and alignment with corporate objectives.

    1. ABecause of compulsory ranking and bureaucracy
    2. BDue to low inflation, agile work methodologies, streamlined structures and innovation needs
    3. CSince employees demanded higher compensation
    4. DBecause military systems were abandoned.

    Answer: (B) Due to low inflation, agile work methodologies, streamlined structures and innovation needs

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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92. Question 92

    Critics argue that conventional performance evaluations :

    The Chairman astonished HR leaders by announcing the company's discontinuation of annual reviews, substituting them with immediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives. This transformation has gained widespread acceptance: around one-third of U.S. companies, including Adobe, Deloitte, GE, Microsoft and PwC, have transitioned from inflexible annual evaluations to regular, informal assessments. Conventional performance evaluations evolved into expensive, bureaucratic processes that are unpopular among employees and managers. Critics contend that they prioritize historical conduct over prospective development, hinder collaboration and do not fulfill commercial requirements. Originating from the military's merit rating system, performance appraisals have shifted between accountability and development under factors such as inflation, compulsory ranking at GE, executive compensation reforms and the competitive pursuit of talent. Low inflation, streamlined structures, agile work methods and the need for innovation have made annual reviews redundant. Organizations now emphasize agility, collaboration, personnel development, continuous dialogue and immediate objectives. Continuous feedback mechanisms improve satisfaction, coaching and alignment with corporate objectives.

    1. AEncourage collaboration and future-oriented growth
    2. BFulfill commercial requirements effectively
    3. CPrioritize historical conduct over development, hinder-collaboration and fail to meet business needs
    4. DMotivate employees through transparent ranking

    Answer: (C) Prioritize historical conduct over development, hinder-collaboration and fail to meet business needs

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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93. Question 93

    What replaced annual reviews in the company, as announced by the Chairman ?

    The Chairman astonished HR leaders by announcing the company's discontinuation of annual reviews, substituting them with immediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives. This transformation has gained widespread acceptance: around one-third of U.S. companies, including Adobe, Deloitte, GE, Microsoft and PwC, have transitioned from inflexible annual evaluations to regular, informal assessments. Conventional performance evaluations evolved into expensive, bureaucratic processes that are unpopular among employees and managers. Critics contend that they prioritize historical conduct over prospective development, hinder collaboration and do not fulfill commercial requirements. Originating from the military's merit rating system, performance appraisals have shifted between accountability and development under factors such as inflation, compulsory ranking at GE, executive compensation reforms and the competitive pursuit of talent. Low inflation, streamlined structures, agile work methods and the need for innovation have made annual reviews redundant. Organizations now emphasize agility, collaboration, personnel development, continuous dialogue and immediate objectives. Continuous feedback mechanisms improve satisfaction, coaching and alignment with corporate objectives.

    1. AOnly compensation-based incentives
    2. BHistorical performance records
    3. CImmediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives
    4. DExecutive compensation reforms

    Answer: (C) Immediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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94. Question 94

    Which of the following statements are correct as per paragraph ?
    A. Companies like Adobe, Deloitte, GE, Microsoftand PwC have shifted to informal assessments.
    B. Annual reviews are now seen as promoting collaboration and innovation.
    C. Continuous feedback improves satisfaction, coaching and corporate alignment.
    D. Annual evaluations originated from executive compensation reforms.
    E. Current organizations emphasize agility, collaboration and personnel development through
    continuous dialogue.

    The Chairman astonished HR leaders by announcing the company's discontinuation of annual reviews, substituting them with immediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives. This transformation has gained widespread acceptance: around one-third of U.S. companies, including Adobe, Deloitte, GE, Microsoft and PwC, have transitioned from inflexible annual evaluations to regular, informal assessments. Conventional performance evaluations evolved into expensive, bureaucratic processes that are unpopular among employees and managers. Critics contend that they prioritize historical conduct over prospective development, hinder collaboration and do not fulfill commercial requirements. Originating from the military's merit rating system, performance appraisals have shifted between accountability and development under factors such as inflation, compulsory ranking at GE, executive compensation reforms and the competitive pursuit of talent. Low inflation, streamlined structures, agile work methods and the need for innovation have made annual reviews redundant. Organizations now emphasize agility, collaboration, personnel development, continuous dialogue and immediate objectives. Continuous feedback mechanisms improve satisfaction, coaching and alignment with corporate objectives.

    1. AA,C, Dand E only
    2. BA, Cand E only
    3. CB,D and E only
    4. DA, Cand D only

    Answer: (B) A, Cand E only

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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95. Question 95

    Match List - I with List - II.
    List - I List - II
    A. Origin of performance appraisals I. Compulsory ranking at GE
    B. Bureaucratic evolution II. Military's merit rating system
    C. Factors influencing appraisal changes II]. Expensive and unpopular processes
    D. Current organizational focus IV. Agility, collaboration and continuous dialogue

    The Chairman astonished HR leaders by announcing the company's discontinuation of annual reviews, substituting them with immediate feedback, goal-oriented coaching and weekly incentives. This transformation has gained widespread acceptance: around one-third of U.S. companies, including Adobe, Deloitte, GE, Microsoft and PwC, have transitioned from inflexible annual evaluations to regular, informal assessments. Conventional performance evaluations evolved into expensive, bureaucratic processes that are unpopular among employees and managers. Critics contend that they prioritize historical conduct over prospective development, hinder collaboration and do not fulfill commercial requirements. Originating from the military's merit rating system, performance appraisals have shifted between accountability and development under factors such as inflation, compulsory ranking at GE, executive compensation reforms and the competitive pursuit of talent. Low inflation, streamlined structures, agile work methods and the need for innovation have made annual reviews redundant. Organizations now emphasize agility, collaboration, personnel development, continuous dialogue and immediate objectives. Continuous feedback mechanisms improve satisfaction, coaching and alignment with corporate objectives.

    1. AA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    2. BA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    3. CA-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
    4. DA-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

    Answer: (A) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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96. Question 96

    Jensen emphasizes that while popular belief portrays takeovers as destructive, empirical evidence
    P: Pop Pp y 3
    shows they :

    Jensen examines corporate takeovers and challenges misconceptions about them. He argues that takeovers are not merely hostile disruptions but a crucial mechanism of the market for corporate control. Inefficient management teams often fail to maximize shareholder value, and takeovers discipline them by transferring control to more competent managers. Although popular belief portrays takeovers as destructive to employees and communities, empirical evidence suggests they generate significant economic gains by reallocating resources to more productive uses. Jensen distinguishes folklore arguments against takeovers from the science showing their role in improving efficiency and shareholder wealth. High leverage in buyouts can impose financial discipline by reducing wasteful spending. Takeovers are framed as a corrective force within capitalism, countering managerial inefficiency and aligning corporate behavior with shareholder interests.

    1. AReduce corporate efficiency
    2. BIncrease wasteful spending
    3. CProduce substantial economic benefits
    4. DNeutralize shareholder interests

    Answer: (C) Produce substantial economic benefits

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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97. Question 97

    According to the paragraph, takeovers are not merely hostile disruptions but serve as :

    Jensen examines corporate takeovers and challenges misconceptions about them. He argues that takeovers are not merely hostile disruptions but a crucial mechanism of the market for corporate control. Inefficient management teams often fail to maximize shareholder value, and takeovers discipline them by transferring control to more competent managers. Although popular belief portrays takeovers as destructive to employees and communities, empirical evidence suggests they generate significant economic gains by reallocating resources to more productive uses. Jensen distinguishes folklore arguments against takeovers from the science showing their role in improving efficiency and shareholder wealth. High leverage in buyouts can impose financial discipline by reducing wasteful spending. Takeovers are framed as a corrective force within capitalism, countering managerial inefficiency and aligning corporate behavior with shareholder interests.

    1. AA way of destroying communities
    2. BAn extension of political arguments
    3. CA pivotal mechanism of the market for corporate control
    4. DA reduction in shareholder rights

    Answer: (C) A pivotal mechanism of the market for corporate control

    Explanation

    Option C is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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98. Question 98

    In the paragraph, inefficient management teams are described as those who :

    Jensen examines corporate takeovers and challenges misconceptions about them. He argues that takeovers are not merely hostile disruptions but a crucial mechanism of the market for corporate control. Inefficient management teams often fail to maximize shareholder value, and takeovers discipline them by transferring control to more competent managers. Although popular belief portrays takeovers as destructive to employees and communities, empirical evidence suggests they generate significant economic gains by reallocating resources to more productive uses. Jensen distinguishes folklore arguments against takeovers from the science showing their role in improving efficiency and shareholder wealth. High leverage in buyouts can impose financial discipline by reducing wasteful spending. Takeovers are framed as a corrective force within capitalism, countering managerial inefficiency and aligning corporate behavior with shareholder interests.

    1. AFail to enhance shareholder value
    2. BEncourage political influence
    3. CMaximize community welfare
    4. DEliminate market competition

    Answer: (A) Fail to enhance shareholder value

    Explanation

    Option A is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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99. Question 99

    te UC "
    Which of the following reflect Jensen's "Science" of takeovers ?
    A. Improve shareholder wealth
    B. __Reallocate resources productively
    C. Impose financial discipline through debt
    D. Operate as hostile disruptions
    E. Function as an essential corrective force in capitalism

    Jensen examines corporate takeovers and challenges misconceptions about them. He argues that takeovers are not merely hostile disruptions but a crucial mechanism of the market for corporate control. Inefficient management teams often fail to maximize shareholder value, and takeovers discipline them by transferring control to more competent managers. Although popular belief portrays takeovers as destructive to employees and communities, empirical evidence suggests they generate significant economic gains by reallocating resources to more productive uses. Jensen distinguishes folklore arguments against takeovers from the science showing their role in improving efficiency and shareholder wealth. High leverage in buyouts can impose financial discipline by reducing wasteful spending. Takeovers are framed as a corrective force within capitalism, countering managerial inefficiency and aligning corporate behavior with shareholder interests.

    1. AB,C, D and E only
    2. BA,B, Cand E only
    3. CCand E only
    4. DA, Band C only

    Answer: (B) A,B, Cand E only

    Explanation

    Option B is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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100. Question 100

     Match List - I with List - II.
     List - I List - If
     Term Description
     A. Folklore view I Portrayed as destructive to employees and communities
     B. Scientific evidence II. Generates significant economic gains by reallocating
     resources
     C. Inefficient management III. Fails to maximize shareholder value
     D. Debt financing IV. Imposes financial discipline by reducing wasteful spending

     Jensen examines corporate takeovers and challenges misconceptions about them. He argues that takeovers are not merely hostile disruptions but a crucial mechanism of the market for corporate control. Inefficient management teams often fail to maximize shareholder value, and takeovers discipline them by transferring control to more competent managers. Although popular belief portrays takeovers as destructive to employees and communities, empirical evidence suggests they generate significant economic gains by reallocating resources to more productive uses. Jensen distinguishes folklore arguments against takeovers from the science showing their role in improving efficiency and shareholder wealth. High leverage in buyouts can impose financial discipline by reducing wasteful spending. Takeovers are framed as a corrective force within capitalism, countering managerial inefficiency and aligning corporate behavior with shareholder interests.

     1. AA-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
     2. BA-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
     3. CA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
     4. DA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

     Answer: (C) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

     Explanation

     Option C is correct because the passage directly supports this choice. It captures the stated evidence or implication, while the other options contradict or overextend the passage.

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